| Period | Completed events | Price coverage | Hit rate | Median excess return | Average excess return | Worst excess return |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5D | 1Small sample | 100.0% (1/1) | 100.0% (1/1) | +3.5% | +3.5% | +3.5% |
| 20D | 1Small sample | 100.0% (1/1) | 100.0% (1/1) | +4.5% | +4.5% | +4.5% |
| 60D | 0No data | Awaiting maturity | — | — | — | — |
| 120D | 0No data | Awaiting maturity | — | — | — | — |
COMPANY RESEARCH
GENERALFINANCE S.p.A. SPA
GF.MI · Italy · Financial Services · Credit Services
INSIDER SIGNAL
Insider activity score：53.5 / 100
1 insiders · 1 purchase events · €37.31m net purchases
Europe #493 · Italy #9
WHY THIS SIGNAL?
Score anatomy
Each bar shows the contribution to the current score; the weights and formula stay unchanged.
Cluster+10.5 / 35
How many distinct insiders bought in the cluster
Purchase size+25.0 / 25
Purchase value relative to company size and liquidity
Role+19.0 / 20
The seniority and relevance of participating insiders
Recency+7.1 / 10
How recently the purchases occurred
Conviction+9.9 / 10
How clearly buying stands out from other activity
What is holding the score back?
- ⚠ Buyer breadth is moderate · fewer than 4 distinct filers
- ✓ Strong insider role · assoc involved
- ✓ Recent activity · latest purchase 2026-10-12
The role contribution uses the inverted role input of the current European model.
Buying concentration
100%
Largest buyer：GGH - GRUPPO GENERAL HOLDING SRL · 62.50m EUR
Gross qualified purchase transaction-line value：62.50m EUR
The headline € total is net buying for the screen; this module uses gross qualified purchase transaction-line values in the filing currency, so the amounts can differ. The current 15-day buyer-breadth input counts distinct buyers; value concentration is disclosed separately here.
This is a ranking under the current European screening rules—not a probability of gain, return forecast, or buy recommendation.
Key purchase quotes (filing currency)
| Filer | Price per unit | Trade date |
|---|---|---|
| GGH - GRUPPO GENERAL HOLDING SRL | 250000 EUR | Oct 12, 2026 |
Model details
Cluster breakdown (does not change the score)
- 15-day buyer breadth (count)
- 1 distinct reported filers
- Peak time window
- 2026-10-12 to 2026-10-12
- Current breadth input
- 0.300 (capped at 4+ buyers)
- Buyer independence
- Not yet measured; related-party fields are not cross-market comparable
What the filings show
- 🟢 Recent eligible purchase
GGH - GRUPPO GENERAL HOLDING SRL · 62.50m EUR · Price 250000 EUR · Oct 12, 2026 - 🔴 2 other transaction line(s) are not counted as discretionary-buying evidence; 0 have zero price
Insider vs stock price
1 purchase day(s), 1 purchase line(s) in the 180-day window. 2 sale day(s), 2 sale line(s).
Daily close (EUR)Day with an insider purchaseDay with an insider sale
Markers sit on the closing price of the transaction day. They show when insiders traded, not the price they paid or received. "Since" compares that day's close with the last close shown; it is what happened at this company, not a forecast.
Insider timeline
One insider bought, once (12 Oct).
Tap an item for what it means.
●A purchase: the bigger the dot, the more was bought
Each dot is one insider's purchases on one day. The dot's area follows the amount: the largest purchase here gets the largest dot. Hold the pointer over a dot to see the date and the amount.
×A sale
A cross is one insider's sales on one day. People sell to pay tax, to cash in share awards or to hold less of one company, so a sale says less than a purchase does. When someone bought and sold on the same day, the cross sits beside the dot. The totals are under “Purchases against sales” below.
Blue line: this share's price, −35.2% over these six months
The closing price of each day, from 28.00 on 2026-04-21 to 18.15 on 2026-10-07. The line has no scale; read it for high and low: a dot on a low stretch was bought cheaply, a dot on a high stretch was not.
Dashed line: the typical stock on the same exchange, −3.1%
Taken from the 26 other stocks on the same exchange that this site holds prices for. Each is measured from the first day of the window, and every day the middle one is drawn. It starts where the blue line starts, so the gap between the two is the difference: this share −35.2%, the typical one −3.1%, 32.1 points behind. It is not an index and not a comparison within one industry.
▂Grey bars: companies across Europe disclosing purchases each week
A taller bar is a week in which more companies disclosed insider purchases.
This company: insiders buying per month, last 12 months
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
1Oct
Darker bars are inside the 180-day window above.
Who traded
| Insider | Role | Purchases | Sales | Bought | First purchase | Share price since | Earlier purchases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UGO COLOMBO | CFO | — | 2 | — | — | — | fewer than 5 completed |
| GGH - GRUPPO GENERAL HOLDING SRL | Associated person | 1 | — | 62.5M EUR | 2026-10-12 | — | fewer than 5 completed |
Purchases against sales
Purchases>99%62.5M EUR · 1 line(s) · 1 insider(s)
Sales<1%186.9k EUR · 2 line(s) · 1 insider(s)
Shares of the reported value of insider transactions in the 180-day window. Sales include disposals for tax, at option exercise or under a pre-set plan, which say little about an insider's view. The split describes what was disclosed; it is not a signal.
Why this score? · Model details
Priority = 100 × Σ(fixed weight × 0–1 rule-based input)
| Factor | Weight | This company input | Point contribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15-day buyer breadth (count) | 35% | 0.300 | 10.5 |
| Qualified-buy size | 25% | 1.000 | 25.0 |
| Role informativeness (inverted) | 20% | 0.050 | 1.0 |
| Recency | 10% | 0.707 | 7.1 |
| Buy/sell conviction | 10% | 0.995 | 10.0 |
This is a heuristic ordering under the current rules, not a calibrated return forecast. It explains why candidates rank differently; the public-filing evidence and data limits are shown below.
BULL VS BEAR
Two readings of this buying
The same filings, read two ways. Each line is a fact stored for this company with the number behind it, and appears only when that number crosses a fixed threshold. Neither side is a forecast and no winner is declared.
All bull and bear lists, and what followed each line in the past →
Where the evidence comes from
The two kinds of evidence disagree: the purchases themselves carry bull lines (large purchases, bought in the last two weeks), while share price and trading argue against (price down over six months, price trails its sector). No data is held for: short sellers, company actions.
- The insider purchases themselvesBulllarge purchases, bought in the last two weeks Bearone buyer only, associated persons buying1 checked, under the threshold · 3 missing
- Share price and tradingBearprice down over six months, price trails its sector
- Short sellers1 missing
- Company results1 checked, under the threshold · 1 missing
- Company actionsno data held
Bull case · the buying is informative
- Net purchases of €37.3M equal 17% of the company's market value (€222.4M): large for the size of the business.
- The latest purchase is 5 days old (2026-10-12). The buying is current, not left over from an earlier quarter.
Bear case · discount it
- Only one insider bought. A single purchase can reflect that person's own finances rather than a view on the company.Record: after 4,732 earlier disclosures like this, the median 60-session excess return was −2.7%, within 1 percentage point of all comparable disclosures (−3.3%).
- Every buyer is filed as a person closely associated with a manager (family or a holding vehicle), not the manager. This model weights such filers among the least informative.Record: after 1,554 earlier disclosures like this, the median 60-session excess return was −7.4%, 1.6 percentage points below all comparable disclosures (−5.8%).
- Share price and tradingThe share price is down 35% over six months (three months −37%, one month −14%). Insiders have bought into a fall the market has not reversed.Record (nearest stored case: price 20% or more below its prior 52-week high): after 11,077 earlier disclosures like this, the median 60-session excess return was −3.2%, within 1 percentage point of all comparable disclosures (−2.6%).
- Share price and tradingOver three months the share price changed −37% and the median of 268 Financial Services companies changed −0.35%: 37 points behind. The market has marked this company down against its own sector.
Evidence still missing
- No buyer here has 5 or more completed earlier purchases on record, so there is no track record to weigh.
- Only one reading of profitability is held (profit margin 37%). Whether earnings and cash flow are rising or falling needs the last two reports side by side.
- The short-position register for this company's market is not captured here, so whether professional investors are positioned against the buying is not known.
- European notifications have no field saying whether a purchase was pre-arranged; there is no counterpart to the US 10b5-1 box. The one purchase line does not mention a plan, but a bare “ACQUISTO” does not rule one out.
- The filings give the size of each trade, not what the buyer already held. Whether a purchase added 1% to a personal stake or doubled it is not known.
Checked and under the threshold: 2
- BearInsiders sold €187k in the same 180 days, 0.50% of the amount bought. Counted for the bear side from 25%.
- BearProfit margin on the latest captured figures is 37%. Counted for the bear side when negative.
Both columns arrange stored facts only. They do not change the insider score or the ranking and are not investment advice.
Signal history
53.5 / 100
Latest recorded score
↓ -0.5 ptssince the first recorded snapshot on 2026-10-16; 2 calendar days observed
- Recorded snapshots
- 2
- First snapshot
- 2026-10-16
There is not yet a 30-calendar-day comparison; earlier scores are not reconstructed. These are raw signal scores saved when each full scoring run completed. They describe changes in research ranking, not price performance or returns.
Why did it change?
Less than 30 days of comparable history is available, so factor movement is not yet decomposed.
Signal score history
Fixed 0–100 scale; dates are spaced by calendar time.
Recent recorded points
- 54.0
- 53.5
View all recorded scores
| Snapshot date | Signal score |
|---|---|
| 2026-10-16 | 54.0 |
| 2026-10-18 | 53.5 |
Sector context
- Buying breadth
- 8.4% (55 / 655 issuers)
- Sector rank
- #6 / 12
- 7D breadth change
- +0.3 pp · vs 2026-10-12 (6d)
- 30D breadth change
- History building
This is sector-level research context. It does not affect the Insider Signal or ranking.
Insider profile outcomes
Historical performance following insider filings. The company role is translated below each name while preserving the original title.
- Excess return = stock return − FTSE MIB return over the same period.
- Hit rate = completed events with positive excess return ÷ total completed events.
- Price coverage = valid point-in-time prices ÷ events mature enough for that period.
- Returns start on the first shared trading session on or after publication.
- Small-sample rule: n<5 is shown for transparency and is not scored.
Events are disclosure-level observations; related disclosures published on the same date may share a return path and may not be statistically independent. This research enrichment does not affect the insider score or ranking.
Market context
PRICE PERFORMANCE
VOLATILITY & LIQUIDITY
- Volatility
- 32.3%
- Beta
- 0.08
- Avg daily volume
- €351,801.4
VALUATION
- Market cap
- €222.4M
- P/E
- 8.5×
FUNDAMENTALS
- Profit margin
- 37.2%
- ROE
- 30.1%
- Industry
- Credit Services
Prices to 07 Oct 2026: price cache (Eulerpool). From OpenBB/yfinance, captured 16 Oct 2026: Market cap, P/E, Profit margin, ROE, Beta, Industry. It does not affect the insider score or rank.
Disclosed net short positions
This country's register of net short positions was not read for this build. That says nothing about whether short positions exist.
Insiders' buying price vs the latest close
The latest close in the price history is more than a week old.
Buying size vs market trading
Market history is too old for this snapshot; ratios are withheld.
Market-data coverage: 255 verified sessions · Latest session: 2026-10-07 · Ratio status: Unavailable
Traded value is estimated as close × shares traded, in major currency units. Includes disclosed qualifying purchases; disclosures may lag. Contractual or planned acquisitions are not necessarily discretionary. Ratios describe relative trading size, not market participation or score contributions.
Latest news
No news has been captured for this company.
Regulatory filings
The filing records held for this company carry no link to the original notice.
Filing evidence
These are underlying national-feed records from the 365-day window ending on the saved ranking snapshot. The score uses only the latest 180 days; older qualifying equity purchases remain visible for audit but do not enter the current score. The original filer, role, transaction classification, instrument, price, volume, value and source fields are retained. The first three rows are shown; remaining records can be unfolded for audit. Other transaction types are retained but excluded from the score.
Excluded transactions & classification
1 qualifying purchase disclosure(s) · 1 transaction line(s)
Oct 12, 2026ACQUISTO
GGH - GRUPPO GENERAL HOLDING SRL · Persona che esercita funzioni di amministrazione
Strumento Di Debito · 250 shares × 250000 EUR · —
Showing 1 of 1 matching raw-feed row(s) from the current 365-day research window. Prices and reported values remain in the filing currency and its major unit (for example, UK pence are parsed as GBP). The screen-level € aggregate is separately FX-normalised for research ranking, not a trade-date conversion.
Other disclosed transactions · excluded from score
View 2 other transaction(s)
Sep 21, 2026CESSIONE
UGO COLOMBO · Chief Financial Officer
Azioni Ordinarie · 4239 shares × 20.98 EUR · —
Aug 10, 2026CESSIONE
UGO COLOMBO · Chief Financial Officer
Azioni Ordinarie · 4600 shares × 21.3 EUR · —
Showing 2 of 2 matching raw-feed row(s) from the current 365-day research window. Prices and reported values remain in the filing currency and its major unit (for example, UK pence are parsed as GBP). The screen-level € aggregate is separately FX-normalised for research ranking, not a trade-date conversion.
Snapshot & identity
- Snapshot date
- 2026-10-18
- Ticker
- GF.MI
- ISIN
- IT0005730020
- Sector
- Financial Services
- Industry
- Credit Services
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