| Period | Completed events | Price coverage | Hit rate | Median excess return | Average excess return | Worst excess return |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5D | 2Small sample | 100.0% (2/2) | 0.0% (0/2) | -1.6% | -1.6% | -2.8% |
| 20D | 2Small sample | 100.0% (2/2) | 0.0% (0/2) | -8.0% | -8.0% | -8.1% |
| 60D | 2Small sample | 100.0% (2/2) | 0.0% (0/2) | -10.5% | -10.5% | -11.7% |
| 120D | 0No data | Awaiting maturity | — | — | — | — |
COMPANY RESEARCH
VOTUM SPÓŁKA AKCYJNA
VOT.WA · Poland · Industrials · Specialty Business Services
INSIDER SIGNAL
Insider activity score：56.4 / 100
3 insiders · 4 purchase events · €21k net purchases
Europe #407 · Poland #2
WHY THIS SIGNAL?
Score anatomy
Each bar shows the contribution to the current score; the weights and formula stay unchanged.
Cluster+21.0 / 35
How many distinct insiders bought in the cluster
Purchase size+16.1 / 25
Purchase value relative to company size and liquidity
Role+20.0 / 20
The seniority and relevance of participating insiders
Recency+9.3 / 10
How recently the purchases occurred
Conviction+10.0 / 10
How clearly buying stands out from other activity
What is holding the score back?
- ⚠ Buyer breadth is moderate · fewer than 4 distinct filers
- ✓ Strong insider role · ceo/chair involved
- ✓ Recent activity · latest purchase 2026-10-16
The role contribution uses the inverted role input of the current European model.
Buying concentration
49%
Largest buyer：Radosław Pęcherzewski · 44k PLN
Gross qualified purchase transaction-line value：90k PLN
The headline € total is net buying for the screen; this module uses gross qualified purchase transaction-line values in the filing currency, so the amounts can differ. The current 15-day buyer-breadth input counts distinct buyers; value concentration is disclosed separately here.
This is a ranking under the current European screening rules—not a probability of gain, return forecast, or buy recommendation.
Key purchase quotes (filing currency)
| Filer | Price per unit | Trade date |
|---|---|---|
| Radosław Pęcherzewski | 45.7 PLN | Oct 16, 2026 |
| Bartłomiej Krupa | 44.7–44.81 PLN | Jul 22, 2026 |
| Radosław Pęcherzewski | 44.8 PLN | Jun 5, 2026 |
Model details
Cluster breakdown (does not change the score)
- 15-day buyer breadth (count)
- 2 distinct reported filers
- Peak time window
- 2026-07-22 to 2026-07-22
- Current breadth input
- 0.600 (capped at 4+ buyers)
- Buyer independence
- Not yet measured; related-party fields are not cross-market comparable
What the filings show
- 🟢 Recent eligible purchase
Radosław Pęcherzewski · 19k PLN · Price 45.7 PLN · Oct 16, 2026 - 🟢 Eligible purchase
Bartłomiej Krupa · 23k PLN · Price 44.7–44.81 PLN · Jul 22, 2026 - 🟢 Large eligible purchase
Radosław Pęcherzewski · 25k PLN · Price 44.8 PLN · Jun 5, 2026 - 🟡 1 remaining qualified transaction line(s) across 1 disclosure(s)
- 🔴 2 other transaction line(s) are not counted as discretionary-buying evidence; 0 have zero price
Insider vs stock price
3 purchase day(s), 5 purchase line(s) in the 180-day window.
Daily close (PLN)Day with an insider purchaseTwo or more insiders the same day
Markers sit on the closing price of the transaction day. They show when insiders traded, not the price they paid or received. "Since" compares that day's close with the last close shown; it is what happened at this company, not a forecast.
If you had followed the purchase
Each row starts on the first close on or after the day a purchase was made public, the earliest a reader could have acted, and ends on the last close shown above.
| Made public | Insiders | In this stock, now | In the median peer stock, now | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-06-08 | 1 | 1,029 +2.9% | too few peers | — |
| 2026-07-22 | 2 | 1,003 +0.3% | too few peers | — |
| 2026-07-23 | 1 | 1,000 +0.0% | too few peers | — |
Close to close, before costs, taxes, dividends and currency moves. The peer is the median of the other stocks on the same exchange for which this site holds prices (0 here), not an index. This is what happened, not a forecast: across all purchases on this site the typical gap is close to zero.
Insider timeline
2 insiders bought on the same day, 22 Jul: 1 CEO / chair, 1 Associated person. 1 more bought afterwards. The share closed at 45.30 that day and at 45.45 most recently (+0.3%). That week 167 companies across Europe disclosed insider purchases, an ordinary week (19 of the last 26).
Tap an item for what it means.
●A purchase: the bigger the dot, the more was bought
Each dot is one insider's purchases on one day. The dot's area follows the amount: the largest purchase here gets the largest dot. Hold the pointer over a dot to see the date and the amount.
▮Purple band: several insiders bought within 15 days
The band marks the stretch with the most different buyers: at most 15 days long and at least two people. Here it is 22 Jul, with 2 insiders. Only the strongest stretch is marked. Several people deciding the same thing is harder to explain by one person's private reasons, but insiders often buy together just after a closed period ends, so compare it with the grey weekly bars.
Blue line: this share's price, −1.4% over these six months
The closing price of each day, from 46.10 on 2026-04-21 to 45.45 on 2026-10-16. The line has no scale; read it for high and low: a dot on a low stretch was bought cheaply, a dot on a high stretch was not.
Dashed line: the typical stock on the same exchange, +5.2%
Taken from the 26 other stocks on the same exchange that this site holds prices for. Each is measured from the first day of the window, and every day the middle one is drawn. It starts where the blue line starts, so the gap between the two is the difference: this share −1.4%, the typical one +5.2%, 6.6 points behind. It is not an index and not a comparison within one industry.
▂Grey bars: companies across Europe disclosing purchases each week
A taller bar is a week in which more companies disclosed insider purchases. The purple bar is the week of the band above: 167 companies, number 19 of the last 26 weeks. If that week was a peak anyway, buying together is less special than it looks.
This company: insiders buying per month, last 12 months
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
1Jun
2Jul
Aug
Sep
1Oct
Darker bars are inside the 180-day window above.
Who traded
| Insider | Role | Purchases | Sales | Bought | First purchase | Share price since | Earlier purchases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radosław Pęcherzewski | CEO / chair | 2 | — | 43.8k PLN | 2026-06-05 | +4.4% | fewer than 5 completed |
| Bartłomiej Krupa | CEO / chair | 1 | — | 23.3k PLN | 2026-07-22 | +0.3% | fewer than 5 completed |
| Magdalena Krupa | Associated person | 1 | — | 22.8k PLN | 2026-07-22 | +0.3% | fewer than 5 completed |
Why this score? · Model details
Priority = 100 × Σ(fixed weight × 0–1 rule-based input)
| Factor | Weight | This company input | Point contribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15-day buyer breadth (count) | 35% | 0.600 | 21.0 |
| Qualified-buy size | 25% | 0.644 | 16.1 |
| Role informativeness (inverted) | 20% | 0.000 | 0.0 |
| Recency | 10% | 0.933 | 9.3 |
| Buy/sell conviction | 10% | 1.000 | 10.0 |
This is a heuristic ordering under the current rules, not a calibrated return forecast. It explains why candidates rank differently; the public-filing evidence and data limits are shown below.
BULL VS BEAR
Two readings of this buying
The same filings, read two ways. Each line is a fact stored for this company with the number behind it, and appears only when that number crosses a fixed threshold. Neither side is a forecast and no winner is declared.
Since 2026-10-13: new on the bull side: bought in the last two weeks; new on the bear side: thinly traded. All bull and bear lists, and what followed each line in the past →
Where the evidence comes from
Independent evidence does not object: the purchases themselves carry bull lines (more buyers than usual here, senior executive buying, bought in the last two weeks); share price and trading, short sellers, company results were checked and none crosses a bear threshold. No data is held for: company actions.
- The insider purchases themselvesBullmore buyers than usual here, senior executive buying, bought in the last two weeks Bearsmall purchases4 checked, under the threshold · 3 missing
- Share price and tradingBearthinly traded2 checked, under the threshold
- Short sellers1 checked, under the threshold
- Company results1 checked, under the threshold · 1 missing
- Company actionsno data held
Bull case · the buying is informative
- No insider bought in the 180 days before this window; 3 have bought in it. The buying is new for this company, not a habit.Record: after 3,134 earlier disclosures like this, the median 60-session excess return was −2.7%, within 1 percentage point of all comparable disclosures (−2.7%).
- The buyers include the CEO or chair, who sees more of the business than most filers. This site's score gives little or no credit for that: in its backtests purchases by senior executives did no better than other insiders' purchases.Record: after 8,797 earlier disclosures like this, the median 60-session excess return was −3.1%, within 1 percentage point of all comparable disclosures (−3.2%).
- The latest purchase is 1 day old (2026-10-16). The buying is current, not left over from an earlier quarter.
Bear case · discount it
- Insider purchases in the last 20 sessions equal 0.18% of the stock's traded value over those sessions: too small to register in the market.
- Share price and tradingAbout €124k of the stock changes hands on an average day, below this site's €500k screening line. A position is hard to enter or leave at the quoted price.
Evidence still missing
- No buyer here has 5 or more completed earlier purchases on record, so there is no track record to weigh.
- Only one reading of profitability is held (profit margin 27%). Whether earnings and cash flow are rising or falling needs the last two reports side by side.
- European notifications have no field saying whether a purchase was pre-arranged; there is no counterpart to the US 10b5-1 box. None of the 5 purchase lines mentions a plan, but a bare “Nabycie” does not rule one out.
- The filings give the size of each trade, not what the buyer already held. Whether a purchase added 1% to a personal stake or doubled it is not known.
Checked and under the threshold: 8, 2 close to it
- BullAt most 2 insiders bought within any 15 days. Counted for the bull side from 3. close to the threshold
- Bear1 of 3 buyers filed as a person closely associated with a manager. Counted for the bear side from half. close to the threshold
- BearThe largest buyer accounts for 49% of the value bought. Counted for the bear side from 80%.
- BearNo insider sale is recorded in the same 180 days.
- BearThe share price changed −2.7% over six months (three months +2.1%, one month +3.3%). Counted for the bear side from a fall of 20%.
- BearOver three months the share price changed +2.1% and the median of 462 Industrials companies changed −0.32%: ahead by 2 points. Counted for the bear side from 20 points behind.
- BearThe register of KNF shows no published net short position in this company. Positions under 0.5% are never published, so this does not show that nobody is short.
- BearProfit margin on the latest captured figures is 27%. Counted for the bear side when negative.
Both columns arrange stored facts only. They do not change the insider score or the ranking and are not investment advice.
Signal history
56.4 / 100
Latest recorded score
↑ +9.4 ptsversus the comparable snapshot on 2026-09-14 (34 calendar days apart)
- Recorded snapshots
- 35
- First snapshot
- 2026-08-26
Only scores captured when the scoring run completed are compared. These are raw signal scores saved when each full scoring run completed. They describe changes in research ranking, not price performance or returns.
Why did it change?
Decomposition across the five score factors between comparable snapshots; historical scores are not recalculated.
- Purchase size+0.4 pts
- Recency+9.1 pts
Signal score history
Fixed 0–100 scale; dates are spaced by calendar time.
Recent recorded points
- 49.2
- 47.1
- 46.8
- 46.8
- 56.4
View all recorded scores
| Snapshot date | Signal score |
|---|---|
| 2026-08-26 | 49.2 |
| 2026-08-27 | 49.2 |
| 2026-08-28 | 47.5 |
| 2026-08-31 | 47.3 |
| 2026-09-01 | 47.3 |
| 2026-09-02 | 47.3 |
| 2026-09-03 | 47.2 |
| 2026-09-04 | 47.2 |
| 2026-09-07 | 47.1 |
| 2026-09-08 | 47.1 |
| 2026-09-09 | 47.1 |
| 2026-09-10 | 47.0 |
| 2026-09-11 | 47.0 |
| 2026-09-14 | 47.0 |
| 2026-09-23 | 46.8 |
| 2026-09-24 | 46.8 |
| 2026-09-25 | 46.8 |
| 2026-09-28 | 46.8 |
| 2026-09-29 | 46.8 |
| 2026-09-30 | 46.8 |
| 2026-10-01 | 46.8 |
| 2026-10-02 | 46.8 |
| 2026-10-03 | 46.8 |
| 2026-10-04 | 46.8 |
| 2026-10-05 | 46.8 |
| 2026-10-06 | 46.8 |
| 2026-10-07 | 46.8 |
| 2026-10-08 | 46.8 |
| 2026-10-09 | 46.7 |
| 2026-10-12 | 46.7 |
| 2026-10-13 | 46.7 |
| 2026-10-14 | 46.7 |
| 2026-10-15 | 46.7 |
| 2026-10-16 | 57.1 |
| 2026-10-18 | 56.4 |
Sector context
- Buying breadth
- 7.5% (79 / 1,047 issuers)
- Sector rank
- #8 / 12
- 7D breadth change
- -0.3 pp · vs 2026-10-12 (6d)
- 30D breadth change
- History building
This is sector-level research context. It does not affect the Insider Signal or ranking.
Insider profile outcomes
Historical performance following insider filings. The company role is translated below each name while preserving the original title.
- Excess return = stock return − WIG20 total-return ETF proxy return over the same period.
- Hit rate = completed events with positive excess return ÷ total completed events.
- Price coverage = valid point-in-time prices ÷ events mature enough for that period.
- Returns start on the first shared trading session on or after publication.
- Small-sample rule: n<5 is shown for transparency and is not scored.
Events are disclosure-level observations; related disclosures published on the same date may share a return path and may not be statistically independent. This research enrichment does not affect the insider score or ranking.
| Period | Completed events | Price coverage | Hit rate | Median excess return | Average excess return | Worst excess return |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5D | 1Small sample | 100.0% (1/1) | 0.0% (0/1) | -2.3% | -2.3% | -2.3% |
| 20D | 1Small sample | 100.0% (1/1) | 0.0% (0/1) | -2.5% | -2.5% | -2.5% |
| 60D | 1Small sample | 100.0% (1/1) | 0.0% (0/1) | -13.4% | -13.4% | -13.4% |
| 120D | 0No data | Awaiting maturity | — | — | — | — |
| Period | Completed events | Price coverage | Hit rate | Median excess return | Average excess return | Worst excess return |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5D | 1Small sample | 100.0% (1/1) | 0.0% (0/1) | -0.3% | -0.3% | -0.3% |
| 20D | 1Small sample | 100.0% (1/1) | 0.0% (0/1) | -8.1% | -8.1% | -8.1% |
| 60D | 1Small sample | 100.0% (1/1) | 0.0% (0/1) | -9.3% | -9.3% | -9.3% |
| 120D | 0No data | Awaiting maturity | — | — | — | — |
Market context
PRICE PERFORMANCE
VOLATILITY & LIQUIDITY
- Volatility
- 26.8%
- Beta
- 0.57
- Avg daily volume
- PLN 285,426.0
VALUATION
- Market cap
- PLN 545.4M
- P/E
- 4.5×
FUNDAMENTALS
- Profit margin
- 26.6%
- ROE
- 31.9%
- Industry
- Specialty Business Services
Prices to 18 Oct 2026: price cache (Eulerpool). From OpenBB/yfinance, captured 16 Oct 2026: Market cap, P/E, Profit margin, ROE, Beta, Industry. It does not affect the insider score or rank.
Disclosed net short positions
The KNF register, read 18 Oct 2026, publishes no net short position of 0.5% or more in this issuer. Positions below 0.5% are never published, so this is not evidence that nobody is short.
Short-position disclosures are external context; they do not affect the insider score, ranking, or filing eligibility.
Insiders' buying price vs the latest close
Insiders paid 45.00 PLN a share on average (5 purchase lines, 3 buyers, 2026-06-05 – 2026-10-16). The close on 2026-10-16 was 1.0% above that price.
The latest purchase (2026-10-16) was at 45.70 PLN; the close was 0.5% below that price.
Prices paid are weighted by shares and taken from the filings; dividends are not counted. Not scored.
Buying size vs market trading
0.18% · of estimated traded value in the same period
2026-09-21 – 2026-10-16 · 20 recorded trading sessions
- Disclosed qualifying purchases
- 19,194 PLN
- Estimated market traded value
- 10,846,867 PLN
Market-data coverage: 259 verified sessions · Latest session: 2026-10-16 · Ratio status: Available
Recent and largest purchase events / preceding 60-session ADTV
- Oct 16 · Radosław Pęcherzewski · Prezes Zarządu Spółki Zależnej19,194 PLN · 6.11%313,963 PLN ADTV
- Jul 22 · Bartłomiej Krupa · Prezes Zarządu23,269 PLN · 3.06%760,168 PLN ADTV
- Jul 22 · Magdalena Krupa · Osoba blisko związana z osobami pełniącymi obowiązki zarządcze: Bartłomiej Krupa - Prezes Zarządu22,809 PLN · 3.00%760,168 PLN ADTV
- Jun 05 · Radosław Pęcherzewski · Prezes Zarządu Spółki Zależnej24,640 PLN · 2.39%1,029,957 PLN ADTV
Traded value is estimated as close × shares traded, in major currency units. Includes disclosed qualifying purchases; disclosures may lag. Contractual or planned acquisitions are not necessarily discretionary. Ratios describe relative trading size, not market participation or score contributions.
Latest news
News capture status: ok. Articles were retained for audit but none met the reader threshold.
Regulatory filings
- Insider filing announcement · published 2026-10-16 · trade date 2026-10-16
- Insider filing announcement · published 2026-08-10 · trade date 2026-08-07
- Insider filing announcement · published 2026-07-27 · trade date 2026-07-24
Unfold all 7 filings
- Insider filing announcement · published 2026-10-16 · trade date 2026-10-16
- Insider filing announcement · published 2026-08-10 · trade date 2026-08-07
- Insider filing announcement · published 2026-07-27 · trade date 2026-07-24
- Insider filing announcement · published 2026-07-23 · trade date 2026-07-22
- Insider filing announcement · published 2026-07-22 · trade date 2026-07-22
- Insider filing announcement · published 2026-07-22 · trade date 2026-07-22
- Insider filing announcement · published 2026-06-08 · trade date 2026-06-05
Filing evidence
These are underlying national-feed records from the 365-day window ending on the saved ranking snapshot. The score uses only the latest 180 days; older qualifying equity purchases remain visible for audit but do not enter the current score. The original filer, role, transaction classification, instrument, price, volume, value and source fields are retained. The first three rows are shown; remaining records can be unfolded for audit. Other transaction types are retained but excluded from the score.
Excluded transactions & classification
5 qualifying purchase disclosure(s) · 5 transaction line(s)
Oct 16, 2026Nabycie
Radosław Pęcherzewski · Prezes Zarządu Spółki Zależnej
akcje · 420.0 shares × 45.7 PLN · —
Open filingJul 22, 2026Nabycie
Bartłomiej Krupa · Prezes Zarządu
akcje · 291.0 shares × 44.7 PLN · —
Open filingJul 22, 2026Nabycie
Magdalena Krupa · Osoba blisko związana z osobami pełniącymi obowiązki zarządcze: Bartłomiej Krupa - Prezes Zarządu
akcje · 508.0 shares × 44.9 PLN · —
Open filingUnfold all 2 remaining filing row(s)
| Transaction date | Published | Filer | Role | Transaction | Instrument | Price (local currency) | Quote currency | Volume | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-07-22 | 2026-07-22 | Bartłomiej Krupa | Prezes Zarządu | Nabycie | akcje | 44.81 PLN | PLN | 229.0 | Open filing |
| 2026-06-05 | 2026-06-08 | Radosław Pęcherzewski | Prezes Zarządu Spółki Zależnej | Nabycie | akcje | 44.8 PLN | PLN | 550.0 | Open filing |
Showing 5 of 5 matching raw-feed row(s) from the current 365-day research window. Prices and reported values remain in the filing currency and its major unit (for example, UK pence are parsed as GBP). The screen-level € aggregate is separately FX-normalised for research ranking, not a trade-date conversion.
Other disclosed transactions · excluded from score
View 2 other transaction(s)
Aug 7, 2026Dokonanie darowizny
Bartłomiej Krupa · Prezes Zarządu
akcje · 19957.0 shares × 44.15 PLN · —
Open filingJul 24, 2026Wniesienie mienia na pokrycie funduszu założycielskiego
Bartłomiej Krupa · Prezes Zarządu
akcje · 3000.0 shares × 44.15 PLN · —
Open filingShowing 2 of 2 matching raw-feed row(s) from the current 365-day research window. Prices and reported values remain in the filing currency and its major unit (for example, UK pence are parsed as GBP). The screen-level € aggregate is separately FX-normalised for research ranking, not a trade-date conversion.
Snapshot & identity
- Snapshot date
- 2026-10-18
- Ticker
- VOT.WA
- ISIN
- PLVOTUM00016
- Sector
- Industrials
- Industry
- Specialty Business Services
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